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This paper was written as background for the Inclusive child care for all project. This project, led by partners Oxfam Canada, Child Care Now and the Childcare Resource and Research Unit, aims to address barriers to access to regulated child care experienced by newcomers to Canada, racialized women and women with disabilities. The project also aims to increase the participation of under-represented groups of women in child care advocacy. The paper is intended to help inform the project, as well as being a resource on this policy issue.

About this paper

This document, which provides a summary of selected elements of the Canada-Wide Early Learning and Child Care initiative (CWELCC) introduced in 2021, is a supplementary paper to Early childhood education and care in Canada 2021, which will be published early in 2023. As such, its support as part of a project funded by Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) is gratefully acknowledged. The paper was a collaborative effort by the Childcare Resource and Research Unit “team”—Patrícia Borges Nogueira, Martha Friendly, Ngoc Tho (Tegan) Nguyen and Lin Velasco. We are enormously appreciative of colleagues’ generous contributions of their time: Chris Smith’s keen comments on the outline and Morna Ballantyne and Jane Beach, who made valuable comments on a draft version.

Download More than spaces: Creating universal child care in Norway (PDF, 855KB).

Download Assessing child care needs and forecasting demand (PDF, 621KB).

Download Developing non-standard hours child care (PDF, 623KB).

This paper addresses child care for what is widely agreed is a “hard-to-serve” parent population: parents working non-standard hours. It argues why a shift to more public responsibility for creating non-standard hours child care services is critical if these services are to become part of a transformed cross-Canada child care system.

Download How municipal roles in child care contribute to accessibility (PDF, 623KB).

Download Building capacity in the non-profit child care sector (PDF, 853KB).

Download How publicly delivered services contribute to accessibility. (pdf, 642.5KB)

Download How child care services are created in Canada (PDF. 647.85KB).

Download the series introduction document: Moving from private to public processes: A series on creating child care in Canada (PDF 344KB)